Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke kwephule amarekhodi ngonyaka odlule, eholwa yiChina, eqinise ukubusa kwayo emakethe yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni.Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kungenakugwema, ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo okuqinile kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama, ngokusho kwezinhlangano zochwepheshe.Isizathu esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto zikagesi zaseShayina ukuthi ziye zazuza inzuzo esobala yokuqala ngokuthembela ekuqondisweni kwenqubomgomo okubheke phambili nasekusekelweni okuqinile kohulumeni basekhaya nohulumeni basekhaya.
Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke kwephule amarekhodi ngonyaka odlule futhi kuyaqhubeka nokukhula kakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, ngokusho kwe-Latest Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2022 evela kwa-International Energy Agency (IEA).Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu izinqubomgomo ezisekelayo ezamukelwa amazwe amaningi nezifunda.Izibalo zikhombisa ukuthi cishe izigidigidi ezingama-30 zamadola ase-US asetshenziswa ekuxhasweni nasezinhlelweni zemihlomulo ngonyaka odlule, okuphindwe kabili kunonyaka odlule.
I-China ibone inqubekelaphambili enkulu ezimotweni zikagesi, njengoba ukuthengiswa kukhuphuke kwafinyelela ku-3.3m ngonyaka owedlule, okubalelwa engxenyeni yokuthengiswa komhlaba wonke.Ukubusa kweChina emakethe yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni kuya kugxila kakhulu.
Amanye amandla emoto kagesi ashisa ezithendeni zawo.Ukuthengisa eYurophu kukhuphuke ngo-65% ngonyaka odlule kwaya ku-2.3m;Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi e-US kuphindeke kabili kuya ku-630,000.Isimo esifanayo sabonakala kwikota yokuqala ka-2022, lapho ukuthengiswa kwe-ev kuphindwe kabili e-China, amaphesenti angama-60 e-US namaphesenti angama-25 eYurophu uma kuqhathaniswa nekota yokuqala ka-2021. Abahlaziyi bezimakethe bakholelwa ukuthi naphezu komthelela we-COVID-19. , ukukhula kwe-ev emhlabeni jikelele kuhlala kuqinile, futhi izimakethe zezimoto ezinkulu zizobona ukukhula okuphawulekayo kulo nyaka, okushiya indawo yemakethe enkulu esikhathini esizayo.
Lokhu kuhlola kusekelwa idatha ye-IEA: ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezihlanganisa ugesi kanye ne-plug-in hybrid emhlabeni wonke kuphindwe kabili ngo-2021 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020, kwafinyelela irekhodi elisha lonyaka lezimoto eziyizigidi ezingu-6.6;Ukudayiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kufinyelele isilinganiso esingaphezu kwezi-120,000 ngesonto ngonyaka odlule, okulingana neminyaka eyishumi edlule.Sekukonke, cishe amaphesenti angu-10 okudayiswa kwezimoto emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021 kuzoba izimoto zikagesi, izikhathi ezine inani lango-2019. Isamba sezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi emgwaqeni manje simi cishe ku-16.5m, ngokuphindwe kathathu kunango-2018. Izigidi ezimbili zikagesi izimoto zidayiswe emhlabeni wonke ngekota yokuqala yalo nyaka, zikhuphuke ngo-75% kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2021.
I-IEA ikholelwa ukuthi nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kungenakugwema, ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo okuqinile kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama.Ukuzimisela kwembulunga yonke ukulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuyakhula, njengoba inani elikhulayo lamazwe lithembisa ukuqeda injini yokushisa yangaphakathi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka ezayo nokubeka imigomo efiselekayo yokufaka ugesi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu emhlabeni bakhuphula utshalomali kanye noguquko ukuze bathole ukufakwa kukagesi ngokushesha futhi baqhudelane ngesabelo semakethe esikhulu.Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, isibalo samamodeli ezimoto ezintsha zikagesi ezethulwe emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka odlule sasiphindwe kahlanu kunesangonyaka ka-2015, futhi njengamanje kunezinhlobo zezimoto zikagesi ezingaba ngu-450 emakethe.Ukusakazwa okungapheli kwamamodeli amasha nakho kusishukumise kakhulu isifiso sabathengi sokuthenga.
Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto zikagesi e-China ikakhulukazi kuncike ekuqondisweni kwenqubomgomo okubheke phambili nasekusekelweni okuqinile kohulumeni basekhaya nabasekhaya, ngaleyo ndlela kutholwe izinzuzo ezisobala zokuthi zihambe kuqala.Ngokuphambene, eminye iminotho esafufusa nesathuthuka isasilele emuva ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto zikagesi.Ngaphezu kwezizathu zenqubomgomo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-China ayinawo amandla kanye nesivinini sokwakha ingqalasizinda eqinile yokushaja;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayinakho uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele nolungabizi kakhulu oluhlukile emakethe yaseShayina.Izintengo eziphakeme zezimoto zenze izinhlobo ezintsha zingathengeki kubathengi abaningi.EBrazil, e-India nase-Indonesia, isibonelo, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kubiza ngaphansi kuka-0.5% wesamba semakethe yezimoto.
Noma kunjalo, imakethe yezimoto zikagesi iyathembisa.Eminye iminotho esafufusa, okuhlanganisa ne-India, ibone ukwanda okukhulu ekuthengisweni kwezimoto zikagesi ngonyaka odlule, kanti kulindeleke ukuthi kube noshintsho olusha eminyakeni embalwa ezayo uma ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezinqubomgomo zikhona.
Uma sibheka phambili ku-2030, i-IEA ithi amathemba omhlaba ezimoto zikagesi mahle kakhulu.Njengoba kunezinqubomgomo zamanje zesimo sezulu, izimoto zikagesi zizoba ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-30 okuthengiswa kwezimoto emhlabeni wonke, noma izimoto eziyizigidi ezingama-200.Ngaphezu kwalokho, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokushaja izimoto zikagesi kulindeleke ukuthi ibone ukukhula okukhulu.
Nokho, kusenezinkinga eziningi nezithiyo okufanele zinqotshwe.Inani lengqalasizinda ekhona nehleliwe yokushaja umphakathi akwanele ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, ingasaphathwa eyesikali semakethe ye-ev yesikhathi esizayo.Ukuphathwa kokusabalalisa igridi yasemadolobheni nakho kuyinkinga.Ngo-2030, ubuchwepheshe begridi yedijithali kanye nokushaja okuhlakaniphile kuzoba ukhiye ukuze i-evs isuke ekubhekaneni nezinselele zokuhlanganiswa kwegridi iye ekutholeni amathuba okuphatha igridi.Lokhu akuhlukaniseki emisha yezobuchwepheshe.
Ikakhulukazi, amaminerali abalulekile nezinsimbi ziya zincipha phakathi nengxabano yomhlaba wonke yokuthuthukisa izimoto zikagesi nezimboni zobuchwepheshe ezihlanzekile.Uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwebhethri, isibonelo, lubhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu.Amanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ne-cobalt, i-lithium ne-nickel anyukile ngenxa yokungqubuzana phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine.Amanani e-lithium ngoMeyi ayengaphezulu ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa kunasekuqaleni konyaka odlule.Yingakho i-United States kanye ne-European Union bezikhulisa ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri ezimoto eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika kwawo echungechungeni lokuphakelwa kwamabhethri e-East Asia.
Noma iyiphi indlela, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezimoto zikagesi izoba namandla futhi ibe yindawo ethandwa kakhulu yokutshala imali.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-21-2022
