Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwihlabathi jikelele kwaphule iirekhodi kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ekhokelwa yi-China, eye yaqinisa ubukhosi bayo kwimarike yemoto yombane yehlabathi.Nangona ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zombane kungenakugwemeka, inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo eqinile iyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza, ngokwemibutho yobungcali.Isizathu esibalulekileyo sophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zombane zaseTshayina kukuba baye bazuza inzuzo ebonakalayo yokuqala ngokuthembela kwisikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo okhangele phambili kunye nenkxaso eqinile evela kurhulumente ophakathi kunye noorhulumente basekhaya.
Ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi jikelele kwaphule iirekhodi kunyaka ophelileyo kwaye kuqhubeka nokukhula ngamandla kwikota yokuqala ye-2022, ngokutsho kwe-Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2022 evela kwi-International Energy Agency (IEA).Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yimigaqo-nkqubo exhasayo eyamkelwa ngamazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla.Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba malunga nama-30 eebhiliyoni zeerandi zase-US ezichithwe kwinkxaso-mali kunye nenkuthazo kunyaka ophelileyo, ngokuphindwe kabini kunyaka ophelileyo.
I-China ibone eyona nkqubela phambili kwiimoto zombane, kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-trebling kwi-3.3m kunyaka odlulileyo, kubalwa isiqingatha sentengiso yehlabathi.Ukongamela kweTshayina kwimarike yezithuthi zombane zehlabathi kuya kuqiniswa ngakumbi.
Amanye amandla emoto yombane ashushu kwizithende zabo.Ukuthengiswa kweYurophu kwenyuka i-65% kunyaka odlulileyo ukuya kwi-2.3m;Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane e-US ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini ukuya kwi-630,000.Umkhwa ofanayo wabonwa kwikota yokuqala ka-2022, xa intengiso ye-ev iphindwe kabini e-China, iipesenti ezingama-60 e-US kunye neepesenti ezingama-25 eYurophu xa kuthelekiswa nekota yokuqala ka-2021. , Ukukhula kwe-ev yehlabathi kuhlala kunamandla, kwaye iimarike ezinkulu ze-auto ziya kubona ukukhula okuphawulekayo kulo nyaka, ukushiya indawo enkulu yemarike kwixesha elizayo.
Olu vavanyo luxhaswa yidatha ye-IEA: ukuthengiswa kombane wehlabathi jikelele kunye neplagi-in hybrid yezithuthi eziphindwe kabini ngo-2021 xa kuthelekiswa no-2020, ukufikelela kwirekhodi entsha yonyaka ye-6.6 yezigidi zezithuthi;Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kumndilili ongaphezu kwe-120,000 ngeveki kunyaka odlulileyo, ukulingana neshumi leminyaka edlulileyo.Ngokubanzi, phantse i-10 yeepesenti zokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zehlabathi kwi-2021 ziya kuba zizithuthi zombane, ngokuphindwe kane inani kwi-2019. Inani elipheleleyo lezithuthi zombane endleleni ngoku limi malunga ne-16.5m, ngokuphindwe kathathu kwi-2018. Izigidi ezibini zombane Iimoto zithengisiwe kwihlabathi kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, zenyuka ngama-75% ukusuka kwangelo xesha ngo-2021.
I-IEA ikholelwa ukuba ngelixa ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zombane kungenakuphepha, inkxaso eqinile yomgaqo-nkqubo iyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza.Isisombululo sehlabathi sokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu siyakhula, kunye nenani elikhulayo lamazwe athembisa ukuyiphelisa injini yokutsha yangaphakathi kwisithuba seminyaka embalwa ezayo kunye nokumisela iinjongo zokufakelwa kombane ngamabhongo.Ngaxeshanye, oomatshini abakhulu behlabathi bonyusa utyalo-mali kunye nenguqu ukuze bafezekise ukufakelwa kombane ngokukhawuleza kwaye bakhuphisane ngesabelo esikhulu semarike.Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, inani leemodeli zezithuthi zombane ezitsha eziqaliswe kwihlabathi liphela kunyaka ophelileyo zaziphindwe kahlanu kunowama-2015, kwaye ngoku kukho malunga neemodeli zezithuthi zombane ezingama-450 kwimarike.Uthotho olungapheliyo lweemodeli ezintsha nalo lwawuvuselela kakhulu umnqweno wabathengi wokuthenga.
Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zoMbane e-China ikakhulu luxhomekeke kwisikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo ojonge phambili kunye nenkxaso eyomeleleyo evela kurhulumente ophakathi kunye nowasekhaya, ngaloo ndlela ifumana inzuzo ebonakalayo yokuqala.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amanye amazwe asakhulayo kunye noqoqosho olusakhasayo asasilela emva kuphuhliso lwezithuthi zombane.Ukongeza kwizizathu zomgaqo-nkqubo, kwelinye icala, i-China ayinakho amandla kunye nesantya sokwakha iziseko eziqinileyo zokutshaja;Kwelinye icala, ayinayo ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso elipheleleyo neliphantsi elikhethekileyo kwimarike yaseTshayina.Amaxabiso eemoto aphezulu enze iimodeli ezintsha zingafikeleleki kubathengi abaninzi.EBrazil, eIndiya nase-Indonesia, umzekelo, i-akhawunti yokuthengisa imoto yombane ingaphantsi kwe-0.5% yemarike yemoto iyonke.
Sekunjalo, imarike yeemoto zombane iyathembisa.Olunye uqoqosho olusakhulayo, kubandakanywa neIndiya, lubone ukunyuka kweentengiso zezithuthi zombane kunyaka ophelileyo, kwaye ukuguqulwa okutsha kulindeleke kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo ukuba utyalo-mali kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ikhona.
Ukujonga phambili kwi-2030, i-IEA ithi ithemba lehlabathi lezithuthi zombane lihle kakhulu.Ngemigaqo-nkqubo yangoku yemozulu, izithuthi zombane ziya kuphendula ngaphezu kweepesenti ze-30 zentengiso yezithuthi zehlabathi, okanye i-200 yezigidi zezithuthi.Ukongeza, imakethi yehlabathi yokutshaja iimoto zombane kulindeleke ukuba ibone ukukhula okukhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kusekho ubunzima kunye nemiqobo emininzi ekufuneka yoyiswe.Isixa esikhoyo nesicetyiweyo seziseko ezingundoqo zokuhlawulisa zikawonke-wonke akwanelanga ukuhlangabezana nemfuno, singasathethi ke ngomlinganiselo wemalike yekamva.Ulawulo lokuhanjiswa kweegridi zasezidolophini lukwayingxaki.Ngo-2030, iteknoloji yegridi yedijithali kunye nokutshaja ngobuchule kuya kuba ngundoqo kwi-evs ukusuka ekujonganeni nemingeni yokuhlanganiswa kwegridi ukuya ekufumaneni amathuba olawulo lwegridi.Oku ngokuqinisekileyo akunakwahlulwa kwizinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.
Ngokukodwa, iiminerali eziphambili kunye nesinyithi ziya zinqongophala phakathi koxinzelelo lwehlabathi lonke lokuphuhlisa izithuthi zombane kunye nococeko lweteknoloji.Ikhonkco lokubonelela ngebhetri, umzekelo, lijongene nemingeni emikhulu.Amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-cobalt, i-lithium kunye ne-nickel anyukile ngenxa yengxabano phakathi kweRashiya ne-Ukraine.Amaxabiso eLithium ngoMeyi ayengaphezulu kwamaxesha asixhenxe aphezulu kunasekuqaleni konyaka ophelileyo.Kungenxa yoko le nto i-United States kunye ne-European Union ziye zandisa imveliso yazo kunye nophuhliso lweebhetri zemoto kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwazo kwi-East Asia yokubonelela ngeebhetri.
Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, imakethi yehlabathi yezithuthi zombane iya kuba namandla kwaye yeyona ndawo idumileyo yokutyala imali.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-21-2022
