Igurishwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi ryarangije amateka umwaka ushize, riyobowe n’Ubushinwa, ryashimangiye ubwiganze bw’isoko ry’imodoka ku isi.Mu gihe iterambere ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi byanze bikunze, hakenewe inkunga ikomeye ya politiki kugira ngo irambye, nk'uko inzego z’umwuga zibitangaza.Impamvu y'ingenzi y’iterambere ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ni uko bageze ku nyungu zigaragara mbere yo kwishingikiriza ku buyobozi bwa politiki bugana imbere ndetse n’inkunga ikomeye ituruka mu nzego z’ibanze n’ibanze.
Kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ku isi byarangije amateka mu mwaka ushize kandi bikomeza kwiyongera cyane mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022, nkuko byatangajwe n’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu z’amashanyarazi ku isi 2022 cyaturutse mu kigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA).Ibi ahanini biterwa na politiki yo gushyigikira yemejwe nibihugu byinshi nakarere.Imibare yerekana ko miliyari 30 z'amadolari y'Abanyamerika yakoreshejwe mu nkunga no gutera inkunga umwaka ushize, bikubye kabiri umwaka ushize.
Ubushinwa bwateye imbere cyane mu binyabiziga by’amashanyarazi, aho ibicuruzwa byagabanutse kugera kuri 3,3m umwaka ushize, bingana na kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibicuruzwa ku isi.Ubushinwa bwiganje ku isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi buragenda bushinga imizi.
Izindi mbaraga zimodoka zamashanyarazi zirashyushye.Igurishwa mu Burayi ryazamutseho 65% umwaka ushize rigera kuri 2,3m;Kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri Amerika byikubye kabiri bikagera kuri 630.000.Icyerekezo nk'iki cyagaragaye mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022, ubwo ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe byikubye kabiri mu Bushinwa, 60 ku ijana muri Amerika na 25 ku ijana mu Burayi ugereranije n’igihembwe cya mbere cya 2021. Abasesengura amasoko bemeza ko nubwo COVID-19 yagize ingaruka Iterambere ry’isi yose rikomeje gukomera, kandi amasoko akomeye y’imodoka azabona iterambere rikomeye muri uyu mwaka, hasigare umwanya munini w’isoko ejo hazaza.
Iri suzuma rishyigikiwe n’amakuru ya IEA: kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi byikubye kabiri mu 2021 ugereranije na 2020, bigera ku mwaka mushya w’ibinyabiziga miliyoni 6.6;Kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byagereranije birenga 120.000 mucyumweru gishize, bihwanye nimyaka icumi ishize.Muri rusange, hafi 10 ku ijana by’imodoka zigurishwa ku isi mu 2021 zizaba imodoka z’amashanyarazi, zikubye inshuro enye umubare wa 2019. Umubare w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ku muhanda ubu ugera kuri 16.5m, bikubye inshuro eshatu nko muri 2018. Miliyoni ebyiri z'amashanyarazi ibinyabiziga byagurishijwe ku isi hose mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'uyu mwaka, byiyongereyeho 75% ugereranije n'icyo gihe cyo mu 2021.
IEA yizera ko mu gihe iterambere ry’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi byanze bikunze, hakenewe inkunga ikomeye ya politiki kugira ngo irambye.Isi yose yiyemeje guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere iragenda yiyongera, aho ibihugu byiyongera byiyemeza gukuraho moteri y’imbere mu myaka mike iri imbere no gushyiraho intego zikomeye zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.Muri icyo gihe, abakora amamodoka akomeye ku isi barimo kongera ingufu mu ishoramari no guhinduka kugira ngo bagere ku mashanyarazi vuba bishoboka kandi bahatanira umugabane munini ku isoko.Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, umubare w’imodoka nshya z’amashanyarazi zatangijwe ku isi umwaka ushize wikubye inshuro eshanu uwo mu 2015, kuri ubu ku isoko hari imodoka zigera kuri 450 zikoresha amashanyarazi.Inzira zidashira zuburyo bushya nazo zashishikarije cyane abakiriya kugura.
Iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka z’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ahanini rishingiye ku buyobozi bwa politiki ireba imbere ndetse n’inkunga ikomeye itangwa n’inzego z’ibanze n’inzego z’ibanze, bityo bikabona inyungu zigaragara mbere.Ibinyuranye, ubundi bukungu bugaragara kandi butera imbere buracyari inyuma mugutezimbere ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.Usibye impamvu za politiki, kuruhande rumwe, Ubushinwa ntibufite ubushobozi n'umuvuduko wo kubaka ibikorwa remezo bikomeye byo kwishyuza;Ku rundi ruhande, ibuze urwego rwuzuye kandi ruhendutse rw’inganda rwihariye ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa.Ibiciro byimodoka nyinshi byatumye moderi nshya zidashoboka kubaguzi benshi.Muri Berezile, Ubuhinde na Indoneziya, urugero, kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi biri munsi ya 0.5% kumasoko yimodoka yose.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, isoko ryimodoka zamashanyarazi riratanga ikizere.Bimwe mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, harimo n'Ubuhinde, byagaragaye ko umwaka ushize hagurishijwe kugurisha imodoka z’amashanyarazi, kandi biteganijwe ko hazabaho impinduka nshya mu myaka mike iri imbere niba ishoramari na politiki bihari.
Urebye imbere ya 2030, IEA ivuga ko ibyifuzo by'isi ku binyabiziga by'amashanyarazi ari byiza cyane.Hamwe na politiki y’ikirere iriho, ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi bizarenga 30 ku ijana by’igurishwa ry’ibinyabiziga ku isi, cyangwa imodoka miliyoni 200.Byongeye kandi, isoko yisi yo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nayo iteganijwe kuzamuka cyane.
Ariko, haracyari ingorane nyinshi nimbogamizi zo gutsinda.Umubare wibikorwa remezo bihari kandi byateganijwe kwishyurwa rusange ntabwo biri bihagije kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo, tutibagiwe nubunini bwisoko ryigihe kizaza.Imicungire ya gride yo mumijyi nayo nikibazo.Kugeza 2030, tekinoroji ya gride ya digitale hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubwenge bizaba urufunguzo rwa evs kuva mukemura ibibazo byo guhuza imiyoboro ya interineti igana amahirwe yo gucunga imiyoboro.Ibi birumvikana ko bidashobora gutandukana nudushya twikoranabuhanga.
By'umwihariko, amabuye y'agaciro n'amabuye y'agaciro biragenda biba ingume mu gihe isi yose irimo guhatanira guteza imbere ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi n'inganda z'ikoranabuhanga zisukuye.Urugero rwo gutanga bateri, kurugero, ruhura nibibazo bikomeye.Ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo nka cobalt, lithium na nikel byazamutse kubera amakimbirane hagati y'Uburusiya na Ukraine.Ibiciro bya Litiyumu muri Gicurasi byari hejuru inshuro zirindwi ugereranije no mu ntangiriro z'umwaka ushize.Niyo mpamvu Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika n’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byongereye umusaruro no guteza imbere bateri z’imodoka mu myaka yashize kugira ngo bigabanye gushingira ku ruhererekane rw’amashanyarazi ya Aziya y'Uburasirazuba.
Ibyo ari byo byose, isoko mpuzamahanga ku binyabiziga byamashanyarazi bizaba byiza kandi ahantu hazwi cyane gushora imari.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-21-2022
